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In some embodiments, the application delivery system provides a plurality of delivery techniques from which to select a method of application execution, such as a server-based computing, streaming or delivering the application locally to the client for local execution. In one embodiment, a client requests execution of an application program and the application delivery system comprising a server selects a method of executing the application program.
In some embodiments, the server receives credentials from the client In another embodiment, the server receives a request for an enumeration of available applications from the client In one embodiment, in response to the request or receipt of credentials, the application delivery system enumerates a plurality of application programs available to the client The application delivery system receives a request to execute an enumerated application.
The application delivery system selects one of a predetermined number of methods for executing the enumerated application, for example, responsive to a policy of a policy engine. The application delivery system may select a method of execution of the application enabling the client to receive application-output data generated by execution of the application program on a server The application delivery system may select a method of execution of the application enabling the client or local machine to execute the application program locally after retrieving a plurality of application files comprising the application.
In yet another embodiment, the application delivery system may select a method of execution of the application to stream the application via the network to the client In some embodiments, the application may be a server-based or a remote-based application executed on behalf of the client on a server In one embodiment the server may display output to the client using any thin-client or remote-display protocol, such as the Independent Computing Architecture ICA protocol manufactured by Citrix Systems, Inc.
In other embodiments, the application comprises any type of software related to VoIP communications, such as a soft IP telephone. In some embodiments, the server or a server farm 38 may be running one or more applications, such as an application providing a thin-client computing or remote display presentation application. In one embodiment, the application is an independent computing architecture ICA client, developed by Citrix Systems, Inc.
Also, the server may run an application, which for example, may be an application server providing email services such as Microsoft Exchange manufactured by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington, a web or Internet server, or a desktop sharing server, or a collaboration server.
The architecture of the appliance in FIG. The appliance may include any type and form of computing device , such as any element or portion described in conjunction with FIGs. IF and IG above. The appliance also has a network optimization engine for optimizing, accelerating or otherwise improving the performance, operation, or quality of any network traffic or communications traversing the appliance The appliance includes or is under the control of an operating system.
As such, the appliance can be running any operating system such as any of the versions of the MICROSOFT Windows operating systems, the different releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, any version of the MAC OS for Macintosh computers, any embedded operating system, any network operating system, any real-time operating system, any open source operating system, any proprietary operating system, any operating systems for mobile computing devices or network devices, or any other operating system capable of running on the appliance and performing the operations described herein.
The operating system of appliance allocates, manages, or otherwise segregates the available system memory into what is referred to as kernel or system space, and user or application space. The kernel space is typically reserved for running the kernel, including any device drivers, kernel extensions or other kernel related software. As known to those skilled in the art, the kernel is the core of the operating system, and provides access, control, and management of resources and hardware -related elements of the appliance In accordance with an embodiment of the appliance , the kernel space also includes a number of network services or processes working in conjunction with the network optimization engine , or any portion thereof.
Additionally, the embodiment of the kernel will depend on the embodiment of the operating system installed, configured, or otherwise used by the device In contrast to kernel space, user space is the memory area or portion of the operating system used by user mode applications or programs otherwise running in user mode.
A user mode application may not access kernel space directly and uses service calls in order to access kernel services. The appliance has one or more network ports for transmitting and receiving data over a network The type and form of network port depends on the type and form of network and type of medium for connecting to the network. Furthermore, any software of, provisioned for or used by the network port and network stack may run in either kernel space or user space.
In one embodiment, the network stack is used to communicate with a first network, such as network , and also with a second network ‘. In another embodiment, the appliance has two or more network stacks, such as first network stack A and a second network stack N.
The first network stack A may be used in conjunction with a first port A to communicate on a first network The second network stack N may be used in conjunction with a second port N to communicate on a second network ‘.
In one embodiment, the network stack s has one or more buffers for queuing one or more network packets for transmission by the appliance The network stack includes any type and form of software, or hardware, or any combinations thereof, for providing connectivity to and communications with a network. In one embodiment, the network stack includes a software implementation for a network protocol suite. The network stack may have one or more network layers, such as any networks layers of the Open Systems Interconnection OSI communications model as those skilled in the art recognize and appreciate.
As such, the network stack may have any type and form of protocols for any of the following layers of the OSI model: 1 physical link layer, 2 data link layer, 3 network layer, 4 transport layer, 5 session layer, 6 presentation layer, and 7 application layer. In some embodiments, the network stack has any type and form of a wireless protocol, such as IEEE In other embodiments, any type and form of user datagram protocol UDP , such as UDP over IP, may be used by the network stack , such as for voice communications or real-time data communications.
Furthermore, the network stack may include one or more network drivers supporting the one or more layers, such as a TCP driver or a network layer driver. The network drivers may be included as part of the operating system of the computing device or as part of any network interface cards or other network access components of the computing device In some embodiments, any of the network drivers of the network stack may be customized, modified or adapted to provide a custom or modified portion of the network stack in support of any of the techniques described herein.
In one embodiment, the appliance provides for or maintains a transport layer connection between a client and server using a single network stack In some embodiments, the appliance effectively terminates the transport layer connection by changing, managing or controlling the behavior of the transport control protocol connection between the client and the server.
In these embodiments, the appliance may use a single network stack In other embodiments, the appliance terminates a first transport layer connection, such as a TCP connection of a client , and establishes a second transport layer connection to a server for use by or on behalf of the client , e.
The first and second transport layer connections may be established via a single network stack In other embodiments, the appliance may use multiple network stacks, for example A and N. In these embodiments, the first transport layer connection may be established or terminated at one network stack A, and the second transport layer connection may be established or terminated on the second network stack N.
For example, one network stack may be for receiving and transmitting network packets on a first network, and another network stack for receiving and transmitting network packets on a second network. The network optimization engine , or any portion thereof, may include software, hardware or any combination of software and hardware. Furthermore, any software of, provisioned for or used by the network optimization engine may run in either kernel space or user space.
For example, in one embodiment, the network optimization engine may run in kernel space. In another embodiment, the network optimization engine may run in user space. In yet another embodiment, a first portion of the network optimization engine runs in kernel space while a second portion of the network optimization engine runs in user space.
The network packet engine , also generally referred to as a packet processing engine or packet engine, is responsible for controlling and managing the processing of packets received and transmitted by appliance via network ports and network stack s The network packet engine may operate at any layer of the network stack In one embodiment, the network packet engine operates at layer 2 or layer 3 of the network stack In another embodiment, the packet engine operates at layer 4 of the network stack In other embodiments, the packet engine operates at any session or application layer above layer 4.
For example, in one embodiment, the packet engine intercepts or otherwise receives network packets above the transport layer protocol layer, such as the payload of a TCP packet in a TCP embodiment.
The packet engine may include a buffer for queuing one or more network packets during processing, such as for receipt of a network packet or transmission of a network packet. Additionally, the packet engine is in communication with one or more network stacks to send and receive network packets via network ports The packet engine may include a packet processing timer. In one embodiment, the packet processing timer provides one or more time intervals to trigger the processing of incoming, i.
In some embodiments, the packet engine processes network packets responsive to the timer. The packet processing timer provides any type and form of signal to the packet engine to notify, trigger, or communicate a time related event, interval or occurrence. In many embodiments, the packet processing timer operates in the order of milliseconds, such as for example ms, 50ms, 25ms, 10ms, 5ms or lms.
In some embodiments, any of the logic, functions, or operations of the encryption engine , cache manager , policy engine and multi-protocol compression logic may be performed at the granularity of time intervals provided via the packet processing timer, for example, at a time interval of less than or equal to 10ms.
In another embodiment, the expiry or invalidation time of a cached object can be set to the same order of granularity as the time interval of the packet processing timer, such as at every 10 ms. The cache manager may include software, hardware or any combination of software and hardware to store data, information and objects to a cache in memory or storage, provide cache access, and control and manage the cache. The data, objects or content processed and stored by the cache manager may include data in any format, such as a markup language, or any type of data communicated via any protocol.
In some embodiments, the cache manager duplicates original data stored elsewhere or data previously computed, generated or transmitted, in which the original data may require longer access time to fetch, compute or otherwise obtain relative to reading a cache memory or storage element.
Once the data is stored in the cache, future use can be made by accessing the cached copy rather than refetching or recomputing the original data, thereby reducing the access time. In some embodiments, the cache may comprise a data object in memory of the appliance In another embodiment, the cache may comprise any type and form of storage element of the appliance , such as a portion of a hard disk.
In some embodiments, the processing unit of the device may provide cache memory for use by the cache manager In yet further embodiments, the cache manager may use any portion and combination of memory, storage, or the processing unit for caching data, objects, and other content. Furthermore, the cache manager includes any logic, functions, rules, or operations to perform any caching techniques of the appliance In some embodiments, the cache manager may operate as an application, library, program, service, process, thread or task.
The policy engine ‘ includes any logic, function or operations for providing and applying one or more policies or rules to the function, operation or configuration of any portion of the appliance The policy engine ‘ may include, for example, an intelligent statistical engine or other programmable application s. In one embodiment, the policy engine provides a configuration mechanism to allow a user to identify, specify, define or configure a policy for the network optimization engine , or any portion thereof.
For example, the policy engine may provide policies for what data to cache, when to cache the data, for whom to cache the data, when to expire an object in cache or refresh the cache. In other embodiments, the policy engine may include any logic, rules, functions or operations to determine and provide access, control and management of objects, data or content being cached by the appliance in addition to access, control and management of security, network traffic, network access, compression or any other function or operation performed by the appliance In some embodiments, the policy engine ‘ provides and applies one or more policies based on any one or more of the following: a user, identification of the client, identification of the server, the type of connection, the time of the connection, the type of network, or the contents of the network traffic.
In one embodiment, the policy engine ‘ provides and applies a policy based on any field or header at any protocol layer of a network packet. In another embodiment, the policy engine ‘ provides and applies a policy based on any payload of a network packet. For example, in one embodiment, the policy engine. In another example, the policy engine ‘ applies a policy based on any information identified by a client, server or user certificate.
In yet another embodiment, the policy engine ‘ applies a policy based on any attributes or characteristics obtained about a client , such as via any type and form of endpoint detection see for example the collection agent of the client agent discussed below. In one embodiment, the policy engine ‘ works in conjunction or cooperation with the policy engine of the application delivery system In some embodiments, the policy engine ‘ is a distributed portion of the policy engine of the application delivery system In another embodiment, the policy engine of the application delivery system is deployed on or executed on the appliance In some embodiments, the policy engines , ‘ both operate on the appliance In yet another embodiment, the policy engine ‘, or a portion thereof, of the appliance operates on a server The compression engine includes any logic, business rules, function or operations for compressing one or more protocols of a network packet, such as any of the protocols used by the network stack of the appliance The compression engine may also be referred to as a multi-protocol compression engine in that it may be designed, constructed or capable of compressing a plurality of protocols.
In one embodiment, the compression engine applies context insensitive compression, which is compression applied to data without knowledge of the type of data.
In another embodiment, the compression engine applies context-sensitive compression. In this embodiment, the compression engine utilizes knowledge of the data type to select a specific compression algorithm from a suite of suitable algorithms. In some embodiments, knowledge of the specific protocol is used to perform context-sensitive compression. In one embodiment, the appliance or compression engine can use port numbers e.
Some protocols use only a single type of data, requiring only a single compression algorithm that can be selected when the connection is established. Other protocols contain different types of data at different times. In one embodiment, the compression engine uses a delta-type compression algorithm. In another embodiment, the compression engine uses first site compression as well as searching for repeated patterns among data stored in cache, memory or disk.
In some embodiments, the compression engine uses a lossless compression algorithm. In other embodiments, the compression engine uses a lossy compression algorithm. In some cases, knowledge of the data type and, sometimes, permission from the user are required to use a lossy compression algorithm. Compression is not limited to the protocol payload. The control fields of the protocol itself may be compressed.
In some embodiments, the compression engine uses a different algorithm than that used for the payload. In some embodiments, the compression engine compresses at one or more layers of the network stack In one embodiment, the compression engine compresses at a transport layer protocol.
In another embodiment, the compression engine compresses at an application layer protocol. In some embodiments, the compression engine compresses at a layer protocol. In other embodiments, the compression engine compresses at a layer protocol. In yet another embodiment, the compression engine compresses a transport layer protocol and an application layer protocol. In some embodiments, the compression engine compresses a layer protocol and a layer protocol.
In some embodiments, the compression engine uses memory-based compression, cache-based compression or disk-based compression or any combination thereof. As such, the compression engine may be referred to as a multi-layer compression engine. In one embodiment, the compression engine uses a history of data stored in memory, such as RAM. In another embodiment, the compression engine uses a history of data stored in a cache, such as L2 cache of the processor.
In other embodiments, the compression engine uses a history of data stored to a disk or storage location. In some embodiments, the compression engine uses a hierarchy of cache-based, memory-based and disk-based data history. The compression engine may first use the cache-based data to determine one or more data matches for compression, and then may check the memory-based data to determine one or more data matches for compression.
In one embodiment, the multi-protocol compression engine provides compression of any high-performance protocol, such as any protocol designed for appliance to appliance communications.
As such, the multi-protocol compression engine accelerates performance for users accessing applications via desktop clients, e. In some embodiments, the multi-protocol compression engine by integrating with packet processing engine accessing the network stack is able to compress any of the protocols carried by a transport layer protocol, such as any application layer protocol.
The synchronization packet identifies a type or speed of the network traffic. The appliance then configures itself to operate the identified port on which the tagged synchronization packet arrived so that the speed on that port is set to be the speed associated with the network connected to that port.
The other port is then set to the speed associated with the network connected to that port. For ease of discussion herein, reference to “fast” side will be made with respect to connection with a wide area network WAN , e. Likewise, reference to “slow” side will be made with respect to connection with a local area network LAN and operating at a network speed the LAN. However, it is noted that “fast” and “slow” sides in a network can change on a per-connection basis and are relative terms to the speed of the network connections or to the type of network topology.
Such configurations are useful in complex network topologies, where a network is “fast” or “slow” only when compared to adjacent networks and not in any absolute sense. For example, an auto-discovery mechanism in operation in accordance with FIG. IA functions as follows: appliance and ‘ are placed in line with the connection linking client and server The appliances and ‘ are at the ends of a low-speed link, e.
In one example embodiment, appliances and ‘ each include two ports—one to connect with the “lower” speed link and the other to connect with a “higher” speed link, e. Any packet arriving at one port is copied to the other port. Thus, appliance and ‘ are each configured to function as a bridge between the two networks When an end node, such as the client , opens a new TCP connection with another end node, such as the server , the client sends a TCP packet with a synchronization SYN header bit set, or a SYN packet, to the server In the present example, client opens a transport layer connection to server When the SYN packet passes through appliance , the appliance inserts, attaches or otherwise provides a characteristic TCP header option to the packet, which announces its presence.
If the packet passes through a second appliance, in this example appliance ‘ the second appliance notes the header option on the SYN packet.
When appliance receives this packet, both appliances , ‘ are now aware of each other and the connection can be appropriately accelerated.
In one embodiment, the appliance optionally removes the ACK tag from the packet before copying the packet to the other port. If the SYN packet was not tagged, the appliance copied the packet to the other port. The appliance , ‘ may add, insert, modify, attach or otherwise provide any information or data in the TCP option header to provide any information, data or characteristics about the network connection, network traffic flow, or the configuration or operation of the appliance In this manner, not only does an appliance announce its presence to another appliance ‘ or tag a higher or lower speed connection, the appliance provides additional information and data via the TCP option headers about the appliance or the connection.
The TCP option header information may be useful to or used by an appliance in controlling, managing, optimizing, acceleration or improving the network traffic flow traversing the appliance , or to otherwise configure itself or operation of a network port. The flow controller includes any logic, business rules, function or operations for optimizing, accelerating or otherwise improving the performance, operation or quality of service of transport layer communications of network packets or the delivery of packets at the transport layer.
A flow controller, also sometimes referred to as a flow control module, regulates, manages and controls data transfer rates. In some embodiments, the flow controller is deployed at or connected at a bandwidth bottleneck in the network In one embodiment, the flow controller effectively regulates, manages and controls bandwidth usage or utilization.
In other embodiments, the flow control modules may also be deployed at points on the network of latency transitions low latency to high latency and on links with media losses such as wireless or satellite links. In some embodiments, a flow controller may include a receiver-side flow control module for controlling the rate of receipt of network transmissions and a sender-side flow control module for the controlling the rate of transmissions of network packets.
In other embodiments, a first flow controller includes a receiver-side flow control module and a second flow controller ‘ includes a sender- side flow control module. In some embodiments, a first flow controller is deployed on a first appliance and a second flow controller ‘ is deployed on a second appliance ‘.
As such, in some embodiments, a first appliance controls the flow of data on the receiver side and a second appliance ‘ controls the data flow from the sender side.
In yet another embodiment, a single appliance includes flow control for both the receiver- side and sender- side of network communications traversing the appliance In one embodiment, a flow control module is configured to allow bandwidth at the bottleneck to be more fully utilized, and in some embodiments, not overutilized. Device and end user identity.
The context variable now also contains information about the end user if the client calling the Lambda function used Amazon Cognito to authenticate that user. This also works for unauthenticated access using Cognito. If the AWS Mobile SDK was used to make the Lambda function invocation, then context also contains information about the app and device hardware that the client is using.
More on this feature in a future article! Resource policies. AWS Lambda now allows you grant cross-account access and to specify access to a Lambda function based on resources, such as events sent from a specific Amazon S3 bucket or SNS topic. At the same time, we removed the need to use invocation roles, making authorization easier and more powerful while keeping your Lambda functions safe and secure. New throttle metric.
Developers told us they needed more visibility when they were reaching their concurrent request limit, so we added a fourth built-in metric to show when invocations are rejected because this limit has been reached. Finding relevant logs. Developers told us during the preview that finding the right log streams within the log group could be a challenge.
So in conjunction with the Amazon CloudWatch Logs team we did several things: log streams can now be sorted by last entry time, making it easy to find the most recent log entries even when there are multiple streams.
We also added the creation date to the name of the log stream for easier filtering and started providing the name of the log stream to the Lambda function inside the context variable. This makes it easy to take any service that already uses SNS and easily turn it into a mechanism to run arbitrary commands through Lambda! Amazon Cognito. Step1: Create a new directory to hold your Lambda function and its modules.
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Going Serverless with OpenWhisk
The appliances via a flow control module provide window or buffer to allow increasing data buffering capabilities windoww a session despite having end nodes with small buffer sizes, e. The central processing unit is any logic circuitry that responds to and processes instructions fetched from the main memory unit In some embodiments, a first computing device a communicates with a second, server computing device b.❿
Windows 10 pro download free softlayer serverless
In still another of these embodiments, the windows 10 pro download free softlayer serverless session provides sergerless to a computing environment, which may comprise one or more of: an application, a plurality of downlad, a desktop application, and a desktop session in which one or more applications may execute. As such, the multi-protocol compression engine accelerates performance for users accessing applications via desktop clients, e. If the packet passes through a second appliance, in this example appliance ‘ the second appliance notes the header option on the SYN packet. In some windows 10 pro download free softlayer serverless, the appliance provides one or more of the following acceleration techniques to communications between the client and server 1 compression, 2 decompression, 3 Transmission Control Protocol pooling, 4 Transmission Control Protocol multiplexing, 5 Transmission Control Dpwnload buffering, and 6 caching. Developers told us during the preview that finding the right log streams within the log group could be a challenge. Optionally, any of the installation продолжить чтение could also be used as the storage device.
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